What were Manigramam and Nanadesi in early medieval India? [CDS 2022 (II)]

A. Cluster of non-revenue paying villages
B. Village-level community groups
C. Guilds of Indian merchants
D. Literary societies in the capital towns

Answer: Cluster of non-revenue paying villages

Option c is the correct answer. Alauigramam and Nanadesi were prominent guilds or merchant associations that existed during the early medieval period in India. These guilds played a crucial role in trade and commerce, representing the interests of merchants and artisans within specific regions.

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