Option c is the correct answer. Statement 1 is correct: Alauddin Khalji implemented a revenue system that involved measuring cultivated land for taxation. This method, known as measurement-based taxation, required landowners to pay a fixed land tax (kharaj) proportional to the size of their cultivated land, contributing to his centralized revenue administration and control. Statement 2 is incorrect: His revenue reforms primarily focused on the northern parts of India, particularly the Ganga-Yamuna Doab region. While he introduced significant changes in these areas, his reforms were not uniformly applied across his entire empire. Statement 3 is correct: He centralized revenue collection and administration, taking away the landed properties of courtiers and nobles and canceling revenue assignments. This centralization aimed to ensure tighter control over revenue collection and reduce the power of local authorities. Important Tips Alauddin Khalji's Revenue Reforms: Centralized Control: He cancelled revenue assignments held by courtiers and nobles, bringing them under central authority. Land Tax: Introduced a 50% kharaj tax on agricultural produce, the main source of revenue. Elimination of Intermediaries: Collecting kharaj directly from cultivators, removing intermediaries like Hindu rural chiefs. Tax Based on Land Area: Tax proportional to land size; wealthy villages paid more. Suppression of Chiefs: Stripped rural chiefs of wealth and power, projecting himself as protector of weaker rural population. Strong Administration: Set up efficient revenue administration with, wited accounts and severe punishment for the Additional Tax: Imposed jizya on non-Muslims, of the exs, or residences and grazing. Spoils of War: Demanded four-fifths of soldiers' Spoils instead of traditional one-fifth share. Alauddin's reforms aimed to ensure revenue for his army, centralize control, and reduce resistance, profoundly influencing taxation in northern India for centuries.