The concept of 'Sulh-i-Kul' (universal peace and fraternity) adopted by Akbar was the result of:

U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998

A. Political generosity
B. Religious tolerance
C. Liberal cultural attitude
D. All of the above

Answer: All of the above

Option d is the correct answer. Sulh-i-Kul means 'universal peace' or 'peace with all' and it was a policy of religious tolerance and harmony devised by Akbar and his court historian Abu'l-Fazl. It was influenced by the Sufi mystic ideal of respecting all religions and sects as paths to the same truth. Sulh-i-Kul was the result of Akbar's political generosity, religious tolerance, and liberal cultural attitude. He abolished the jizya (tax on non-Muslims) in 1564 and granted equal rights and privileges to people of all faiths. He also patronized various arts, sciences, and literature and encouraged inter-religious dialogue and debate in his Ibadat Khana (House of Worship) at Fatehpur Sikri.He even tried to create a new syncretic religion called Din-i-Ilahi (Divine Faith) that incorporated elements from Islam, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Jainism.

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