Option c is the correct answer. The main key distinction between Mahayana and Hinayana Buddhism lies in their beliefs about deities i.e., Worship of God and Goddess. In Mahayana, there is reverence for bodhisattvas, whereas in Hinayana, Buddhists view Buddha as a human and not a deity. Hinayana followers see Buddha as a person who discovered the path to Nirvana. 7.4. Other Examination Previous Years' Questions Solution: (b) Exp) Option b is the correct answer. Ramanuja propounded the philosophy of Vishishtadvaita, which means "qualified non-dualism". He believed that Brahman (the supreme reality) is both the material and the efficient cause of the universe, and that all individual souls and matter are real but dependent on Brahman. He also emphasized the importance of bhakti (devotion) to Vishnu as the means of liberation. Madhavacharya propounded the philosophy of Dvaita, which means "dualism". He believed that Brahman (Vishnu) and the individual souls are eternally distinct and independent realities, and that there are five types of differences (bheda) among them. He also advocated a strict adherence to the Vedic scriptures and rituals, and a strong opposition to the Advaita Vedanta of Shankara. Nimbarka propounded the philosophy of Dvaitadvaita, which means "dualistic non-dualism". He believed that Brahman (Krishna) is the only independent reality, and that the individual souls and matter are both different and non-different from Brahman. He also stressed the role of Radha as the consort of Krishna, and the practice of raganuga bhakti (spontaneous love) as the way to attain union with him. Vallabhacharya propounded the philosophy of Suddhadvaita, which means "pure non-dualism". He believed that Brahman (Krishna) is the only reality, and that everything else is a manifestation or distortion of his power (shakti). He also taught that liberation is achieved by grace (pushti) through surrender (sharanagati) to Krishna, and by enjoying his bliss (brahmananda).