Option c is the correct answer. Anuvrata is a Sanskrit word that means "lesser vow". It refers to the five vows that are observed by lay Jains. These vows are: Non-violence (ahimsa) Truthfulness (satya) Non-stealing (asteya) Chastity (brahmacharya) Non-possession (aparigraha) Solution: (d) Exp) Option d is the correct answer. This is the definition of the Charvaka philosophy, also known as Lokayata. It is an ancient school of Indian materialism. The rejection of afterlife is an aphorism of the Charvakas, who believed that there is no soul, no karma, no rebirth, and no god. They advocated for living a hedonistic life, as they thought that death is the end of existence. Some of the features of Charvaka philosophy were rejection of gods, afterlife, and the supernatural, emphasis on sensory perception as the source of knowledge, denial of karma and reincarnation, advocation of pleasure as life's primary goal, criticism of sacred texts and religious rituals. Important Tips Kapalika Sects: These were an offshoot of Shaivism, who practiced extreme asceticism and ritualism. They carried a skull-topped trident and a human skull as a begging bowl. They believed that by imitating the fierce form of Shiva, they could attain liberation. Sunyavada of Nagarjuna: This was one of the most important schools of Buddhism, founded by Nagarjuna in the 2nd or 3rd century CE. It taught the doctrine of emptiness (sunyata) of all phenomena, which means that nothing has inherent existence or essence. It also equated emptiness with dependent origination, the principle that everything arises and ceases in dependence on causes and conditions. Ajivikas: These were a heterodox sect of ancient India, who believed in determinism and fatalism. They held that everything was predetermined by a cosmic force called niyati, and that human actions had no effect on one's destiny. They also denied the existence of karma, rebirth, and liberation.