Consider the following statements: **Assertion (A):** The scheme of the token currency of Muhammad Tughluq proved unsuccessful. **Reason (R):** Muhammad Tughluq did not have the proper control over currency issue. Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006
A. Both (A) and (R) is individually true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) is individually true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer: Both (A) and (R) is individually true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Option a is the correct answer.
Assertion is true: Muhammad Tughluq's token currency scheme was unsuccessful. Issuing brass and copper coins with equal value to gold and silver coins led to devaluation. Variations in design and material eroded trust in the currency's value, disrupting trade and causing its failure. Reason (R) is true and is correct explanation of Assertion (A): Muhammad Tughluq's lack of proper control over currency issuance contributed to the failure of his financial measures. He introduced token currency in 1330 due to financial constraints. He issued brass and copper coins with equivalent nominal value to gold and silver coins. While aiming to save precious metals and increase circulation, this led to coin devaluation, trade disruption, and counterfeit confusion. Tughluq's attempt to control currency issuance failed, as coins of varying materials and values without standardized design led to confusion, devaluation, and loss of public trust, contributing to the scheme's abandonment by 1333.