Who among the following were famous jurists of medieval India? 1. Vigyanesvara 2. Hemadri 3. Rajashekhara 4. Jimutavahana ** Code:**

UPSC CSE Pre 1995

A. 1, 2 and 3
B. 2, 3 and 4
C. 1, 2 and 4
D. 1 and 3

Answer: 1, 2 and 4

Option c is the correct answer. Vigyanesvara, Hemadri, and Jimutavahana were all famous jurists of medieval India whereas Rajashekhara was a 10th century scholar who wrote extensively on a variety of subjects, including grammar, poetics, and music. He was not a jurist. Important Tips Vijnaneshwara, a notable jurist of 12th-century India, authored the Mitakshara, a significant legal work on Hindu inheritance. Born in Masimadu near Basavakalyan, Karnataka, he thrived under King Vikramaditya VI of the Western Chalukya Empire (1076-1126). Hemādri was a versatile figure and prime minister (1259-1274 CE) under Kings Mahādev and Ramachandra of the Seuna (Yadava) dynasty in India. A polymath, jurist, diplomat, administrator, architect, poet, and theologian, he played a pivotal role during the zenith of the Yadav kingdom. Hemādri's significant contribution lies in his creation of Hemadpanti architecture and the juristic work "Chaturvargachintāmani." Jīmūtavāhana (12th century) was a significant Sanskrit scholar from Bengal, known for his legal and religious works in Vaishnavism. His major texts include Kalaviveka on auspicious timings, Vyvahāra-mātrikā on judicial procedures, and the influential Dāyabhāga, a treatise on inheritance laws that prevailed in Bengal, differing from Mitakshara tradition. Rajashekhara (10th century) was a Maharashtra Prakrit and Sanskrit poet, dramatist, and critic in the court of the Gurjara Pratiharas. Notable for the Kāvyamimānsā, a guide for poets, he wrote the Kārpūramañjarī play to honor his wife, Avantisundarī. He acknowledged her contributions, a rare trait among ancient Indian poets. He used the name Yāyāvara or Yāyāvarīya and taught King Mahendrapala I Solution: (d) Exp) Option d is the correct answer. During the Rigvedic Period, the word 'Nishka' was used for a Jewellery or ornamnets. These ornaments were wored by both men and women. In later Vedic period the word Nishka came to be associated with gold or silver ornament. The Nishka coin was introduced during the Mauryan period and played a crucial role in the economic system of the empire. It was not only a medium of exchange but also had religious and political significance. Economically, it facilitated trade and commerce within the empire.

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