Which one of the following was a Shaiva sect in ancient India?

UPSC CSE Pre 1996

A. Ajivika
B. Mattamayura
C. Mayamata
D. Isanasivagurudeva Paddhati

Answer: Mattamayura

Option b is the correct answer. Three monastic orders were instrumental in Shaiva Siddhanta's diffusion through India. The Amardaka order identified with one of Shaivism's holiest cities Ujjain; the Mattamayura order in the capital of the Chalukya dynasty, and the Madhumateya order of Central India. The regional expansion of the Mattamayura sect took place under the patronage of the Kalacuris of Tripuri. The Mattamayuras took on increasingly important roles within the Kalacuri state, serving as Rajagurus, officiating over royal decrees and acting as administrators. Important Tips Ajivika Sect: Ajivika, an ascetic sect that emerged in India about the same time as Buddhism and Jainism and that lasted until the 14th century. It was founded by Gosala Makkhaliputta, a friend of Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara. Ajivika school is known for its Niyati ("Fate") doctrine of absolute fatalism or determinism. The premise is that there is no free will. Everything that has happened, is happening and will happen is entirely preordained and a function of cosmic principles. This sect was popular during the reign of the Mauryan emperor Bindusara. Mayamata: It was a text of architecture building. It is one of the oldest book referred the Dravidian construction style of temples. Isanasivagurudeva Paddhati or Ishana Shiva Gurudeva Paddhati: It is a text from the 9th century describing the art of building in India in south and central India. It contained guidelines for Vastu Shastra design, use and placement of sculpture, and joinery techniques in construction.

© 2025 upscools. All Rights Reserved.