With reference to the scientific progress of ancient India, which of the statements given below are correct? 1. Different kinds of specialized surgical instruments were in common use by 1st century AD. 2. Transplant of internal organs in the human body had begun by the beginning of 3rd century AD. 3. The concept of sine of an angle was known in 5th century AD. 4. The concept of cyclic quadrilaterals was known in 7th century AD. Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
UPSC CSE Pre. 2012
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 3 and 4 only
C. 1, 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: 1, 3 and 4 only
Option c is the correct answer
Statement 1 is correct. Sushruta who is known to be the first surgeon, who conducted surgeries well before 1st century AD. Susruta was perhaps the first surgeon in the world to describe different types of surgical instruments including endoscopes.
Statement 2 is incorrect. There is no documented proof of transplant of internal organs during third centuary BCE.
Statement 3 is correct. Aryabhatta (476-550 AD) gave a rule for calculating sine values of an angle.
Statement 4 is correct. Brahmagupta (598-668 AD) derived the area of a cyclic quadrilateral