With reference to Dhrupad, one of the major traditions of India that has been kept alive for centuries, which of the following statements are correct? 1. Dhrupad originated and developed in the Rajput kingdoms during the Mughal period. 2. Dhrupad is primalrily a devotional and spiritual music. 3. Dhrupad Alap uses Sanskrit syllables from Mantras. Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
UPSC CSE Pre. 2012
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. None of the above is correct
Answer: 2 and 3 only
Option b is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is incorrect. The birth of Dhrupad as we know it today coincided with the Bhakti movement (particularly that of the Vallabh Sampradaya) and consequently was more devotional in nature. It was rendered in temples facing the Divinity full of devotion and bhaav, this was the genesis of what became known as Haveli Dhrupad/Sangeet.
Statement 2 and 3 both are correct. Dhrupad is primarily a spiritual and devotional music and it uses Sanskrit syllables from mantras.
Important Tips
Dhrupad:
Dhrupad is the oldest surviving classical style of Hindustani (or North Indian) vocal music. Origin of Dhrupad can be traced to the vedas. Dhrupad claims the distinction of being the oldest form of Indian Classical music heard today, its origin can be traced back to the chanting of vedic hymns and mantras. It is said to be a form of the Gandharva Veda, the Vedic science of music, which is a branch of Sama Veda. The Sama Veda was chanted with the help of melody and rhythm called Samgana. Gradually this developed into other vocal styles called 'Chhanda' and 'Prabandha' with introduction of verse and meter. The fusion of these two elements led to the emergence of Dhrupad.