Option b is the correct answer. Statement 1 is incorrect: Stupa is a pre-Buddhist mound in which śramanas were buried in a seated position called chaitya. The term "stupa" comes from the Sanskrit word "stūpa," which means "heap" or "pile." Originally, stupas were simple mounds of earth or stones that served as commemorative markers for important events or burial sites. Statement 2 is correct: One of the primary functions of a stupa is to serve as a repository of relics. Relics are objects associated with the Buddha, such as his physical remains, personal belongings, or items used by him. They are considered sacred and hold great spiritual significance in Buddhism. Statement 3 is correct: Stupas are also associated with votive and commemorative purposes. Stupas are often built as acts of devotion and as offerings to the Buddha or other enlightened beings. Stupas are also constructed to commemorate significant events, individuals, or historical sites. For example, stupas might be built to mark the birthplace, enlightenment site, or the site of the Buddha's parinirvana (passing away).