Option d is the correct answer. Indus Valley Civilization was urban having amenities of developed city life, whereas the Vedic Civilization was rural. Peepal tree was worshipped in Indus Valley Civilization whereas banyan tree was worshipped in Vedic Civilization. Indus civilization lacked knowledge of iron and defensive arrow whereas vedic civilization was acquainted with iron and arrows. Indus civilization had pictographic script whereas vedic civilization had Sanskrit language. Important Tips Criteria Indus Valley Civilization Vedic period Location Northwestern Indian subcontinent North-western and central India Urbanization Highly urbanized Less urbanized, more rural Economy Based on agriculture, trade, and crafts Based on agriculture, pastoralism, and warfare Religion Polytheistic, with a focus on fertility and nature Polytheistic, with a focus on Indra, Agni, and other gods Social structure Classless society with some evidence of social hierarchy Class-based society with a hierarchy of priests, warriors, merchants, and farmers Art and architecture Highly stylized and geometric; emphasized symmetry and balance More naturalistic and figurative; often depicted animals and plants Technology Advanced metalworking, pottery, and seal-making; developed the world's first urban drainage system Developed the chariot, the plow, and the wheel; introduced ironworking to India Contact with other cultures Traded with Mesopotamia and other cultures in the Middle East Contacted with the cultures of Central Asia and Iran Writing system Indus script, which has not yet been deciphered Vedic script, which is the ancestor of the modern Devanagari script Solution: (d) Exp) Option d is the correct answer Rakhigarhi is the largest Harappan site in India. At Rakhigarhi, the excavations are being done to trace its beginnings and to study its gradual evolution from 6000 BCE (Pre-Harappan phase) to 2500 BCE. The site was excavated by Amarendra Nath of ASI.