Option d is the correct answer. The game of chess is said to have originated in India in the 6th century CE. The earliest precursor of chess was a game called chaturanga, which means "four divisions" in Sanskrit. The four divisions were the infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariots, which later evolved into the modern pawn, knight, bishop, and rook. Chaturanga spread to Persia, where it was called chatrang, and then to the Arab world, where it was called shatranj. From there, it reached Europe through trade and conquest, and underwent further changes in rules and pieces. Chess is now one of the most popular and widely played games in the world, with millions of players and fans.